Players Roles and Rink Possession
The Fours game is the most popular format as it allows for the maximum number of players (8) on a rink. Each team of four collaborates to play as a cohesive unit, making it a dynamic and team-focused match. Most bowls matches are played in this format.
Fours demands precision and teamwork. Each player is limited to two bowls per end, meaning every shot is crucial. Carelessness is not an option, as each bowl can significantly impact the outcome.
The players in a Fours team are designated as Lead, Second, Third, and Skip. They play in this specific order, alternating shots with their counterparts on the opposing team. This order remains fixed throughout the match; any deviation results in forfeiture of the game to the opponents.
Each player specialises in their position, fulfilling specific responsibilities to ensure the smooth progression of the game. Below is a breakdown of each player's role and duties:
The Lead
The Lead is responsible for placing the mat and delivering the jack at the start of the game. The jack must be properly centered before the Lead plays their first bowl. Initially, the mat's back edge is positioned 2 meters from the rear ditch. For subsequent ends, the back edge must be at least 2 meters from the rear ditch, and the front edge no less than 25 meters from the front ditch, all aligned with the rink's centerline.
If the team won the previous end, the Lead gains the advantage of setting the jack length preferred by their team. The Lead must excel at playing bowls at any distance, aiming to place their bowls closest to the jack, ideally outscoring the opponents’ deliveries. Additionally, the Lead decides whether to play forehand or backhand, choosing the hand that aligns best with their team’s strategy.
The Second
The Second is tasked with keeping score for their team. They record the players' names on the scorecard, compare scores with the opposing Second after each end, and hand the finalised scorecard to the Skip at the game's conclusion.
As a player, the Second specialises in strategic positioning. If the Lead has placed a bowl near the jack, the Second aims to protect it. If the Lead's bowl is not closest, the Second must attempt to secure the point by positioning their bowls near the jack. The Second must be versatile, capable of delivering a variety of shots as the situation demands.
The Third
The Third often handles disputed measurements, ensuring accuracy in contested positions. This player should be highly skilled and experienced, capable of delivering powerful shots when needed, but also able to adapt and play any necessary shot with precision.
Strategic Communication
An essential responsibility of the Third is acting as the team's strategic communicator. This player works closely with the Skip to analyse the dynamics of the game, providing input on shot selection and strategy adjustments. Their ability to clearly convey ideas, read the head effectively, and maintain a composed demeanor under pressure ensures that the team remains focused and unified throughout the match.
The Skip
As the last player to bowl, the Skip evaluates the situation and seeks to capitalise on their team’s position or rectify challenges posed by the opponent.
Beyond strategy and coordination, the Skip is also a source of motivation and leadership for the team. They set the tone for the game, maintaining focus and boosting morale, especially during high-pressure moments. A strong Skip not only manages tactics but also fosters team cohesion, ensuring that every player feels confident in their role and contributions. Their ability to inspire and encourage can be a decisive factor in the outcome of the match, making them a pivotal figure both on and off the green.
Along with the opposing Skip, they resolve disputes during the game. If an agreement cannot be reached, the matter is referred to the umpire, whose decision is binding.
Position of Players During Play
Each side alternates possession of the rink, with control belonging to the side whose bowl is currently being played. Once a bowl comes to rest, possession shifts to the other team unless it is a "toucher," in which case possession remains until the toucher is officially marked.
Players not in possession must avoid distracting or interfering with their opponents. Those at the head of the green should stand behind the jack and away from the head unless directing play (Skip or Third). Similarly, players at the mat end, except the one delivering the bowl, must stand behind the mat.
Playing Out of Turn
Players must strictly adhere to the order of play. If a bowl is delivered out of turn, the opposing Skip may:
- Stop the bowl while it is still running and have it played in its correct turn.
- Accept the result if the bowl has impacted the jack or another bowl, or request the end be replayed.
Playing the Wrong Bowl
If a player delivers the wrong bowl, it must be replaced with the correct one.
Changing Bowls
Players are not allowed to change their bowls during a game unless their bowl is objected to under LAW II 3(c) or has sustained damage making it unfit for play. An umpire’s decision in these cases is final.
Interruptions
Teams may mutually agree to pause play due to adverse weather or poor visibility. When the game resumes, the score stands as it was before the interruption, and incomplete ends are disregarded. If a player cannot resume, one substitute is permitted.
Result of the End
The bowl(s) closest to the jack score for the end. In games decided by winning ends, the team with the closest bowl wins the end and is awarded one point. In other formats, every bowl closer to the jack than the opponent's nearest bowl scores one point each.
Teams may request up to 30 seconds for all bowls to come to rest before counting. The jack or bowls must not be moved until the Skips agree on the score, except when a bowl must be shifted for measurement purposes.
In cases where the closest bowls of both teams are equidistant from the jack, the end is declared a "drawn end," with no points awarded. However, the end is still counted as played.
Care is crucial during measurement to avoid disturbing other bowls. If a bowl rests on another, players must secure its position before removing the obstructing bowl. This rule also applies to multiple bowls or scenarios where a measurement might cause a bowl to fall or shift.
Game Decisions
In games decided by winning ends, the team with the majority of winning ends is declared the winner. In other formats, the team with the highest total score prevails.